南海西南次海盆岩石圈结构及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

胡立天  张培震  郝天珧  徐亚 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3464-3481

南海地区岩石圈资料稀少，阻碍了其形成演化过程的研究.为此，本次研究结合大地热流、空间重力异常、高程、大地水准面和地震数据，在南海西南次海盆反演了两条2.5维岩石圈剖面.本次计算基于三种假设：岩石圈地幔的密度取决于岩石温度；研究区岩石圈处于热稳定状态；研究区处于重力均衡状态.在剖面A-E中，岩石圈底界面从珠江口盆地的105 km迅速抬升到西沙海槽处的50 km，在西沙海槽、西沙-中沙群岛和西南次海盆变化不大，为50~60 km.在剖面F-I中，岩石圈底界面从西沙群岛-中建地块处的88 km向海盆逐渐抬升，在西南次海盆处为46~50 km，到郑和隆起再逐渐变深至64 km.我们比较了西南次海盆岩石圈的冷却模型和热稳定模型，根据冷却模型由水深和热流数据所推断的西南次海盆年龄比实际年龄差很多，说明冷却模型不适用于西南次海盆.通过对比剖面A-E和剖面F-I，说明了剖面A-E经历了更长时间的拉伸，证明南海西南次海盆在形成演化过程中是从北东向南西逐步打开的渐进式扩张.最后，我们综合分析西南次海盆及其大陆边缘的岩石圈结构、减薄陆壳区范围、碳酸盐台地的分布、下地壳韧性流动、流变结构和沉积层特征等多方面资料，认为西南次海盆在形成演化过程中岩石圈地幔首先破裂而地壳后破裂，属于type Ⅱ型非火山型大陆边缘.  相似文献   

广西宜州裂陷槽晚古生代演化与早石炭世沉积锰矿分布^*          下载免费PDF全文

黄恒  颜佳新  余文超 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):1001-1011

滇黔桂地区晚古生代浅水碳酸盐岩台地与深水硅泥质盆地共存的古地理格局,是在加里东期褶皱基底上发生裂陷及差异沉降而发展起来的。广西宜州—柳州一带既是晚古生代上扬子碳酸盐岩地台南缘1条重要的沉积相分界线,也是晚古生代桂中和桂北地层分区、古生代—中生代雪峰山南段构造体系和桂中坳陷构造体系的分界线。文中通过对宜山—柳州一带晚古生代地层的区域对比和成因分析,恢复了桂中宜山—柳州地区晚古生代沉积盆地的演化历史。狭长型宜州裂陷槽盆地西起丹池断裂,向东经龙头、北牙、宜州延伸至柳州。自中泥盆世开始,首先在东西两端开始裂陷下沉,至早石炭世发展成型。受北侧来自江南隆起带陆源碎屑物质充填影响,其表现为南北不对称并在早石炭世晚期被填平。在宜州裂陷槽内发育多处早石炭世沉积型碳酸锰矿,含矿地层分布、地层序列及其沉积背景明显与裂陷槽演化有关。它们既是盆地演化历史的见证,也体现了桂中地区裂陷海槽的特色,值得在后续锰矿成因研究中予以重视。  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HA Guanghao  WU Zhonghai  HE Lin  WANG Shubing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):972-987

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.  相似文献   

珠一坳陷始新世文昌组沉积期构造转换对源‒汇体系的控制     

林鹤鸣  刘培  汪旭东  贾培蒙  李振升  高翔  阙晓铭 《大地构造与成矿学》2021,45(1):188-200

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷在中始新世裂陷期文昌组沉积早、晚期之间存在明显的构造转换,该构造事件对古近系源-汇体系的形成和演变有重大影响。基于研究区地震、钻井、测井等资料的综合分析,本文认为构造转换控制了裂陷期源-汇体系的盆山地貌、物源供给、搬运方向及沉积样式等基本要素,并影响深层古近系储层条件。而且在构造转换的制约下,研究区发育物源迁移型和断裂转换型两种源-汇模式,前者的主物源在构造转换影响下发生变化,沉积边界、可容空间及沉积样式也随之改变,形成叠合连片的有利储集区;后者物源供给、搬运、堆积等在时空上发生有序变化,形成扇-洲-滩共存的复合沉积体系,储层条件分带性较强。因此,探讨构造转换控制下的源-汇体系特征及控砂模式,对寻找古近系优质储层有重要经济价值。  相似文献   

Granulites record the tectonic evolution from collisional thickening to extensional thinning of the Tongbai orogen in central China     

Qiang-Qiang Zhang  Xiao-Ying Gao  Ren-Xu Chen  Yong-Fei Zheng 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(3):265-295

A combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granulites from the Tongbai orogen in central China. The results reveal the tectonic evolution from collisional thickening to extensional thinning of the lithosphere at the convergent plate boundary. Petrographic observations, zircon U–Pb dating, and pseudosection calculations indicate that the granulites underwent four metamorphic stages, which are categorized into two cycles. The first cycle occurred at 490–450 Ma and involves high-P (HP) metamorphism (M1) at 785–815°C and 10–14 kbar followed by decompressional heating to 840–880°C and 8–9 kbar for medium-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (M2), defining a clockwise P–T path. The high pressure is indicated by the occurrence of inclusions of rutile+kyanite+K-feldspar in the garnet mantle. The second cycle occurred at c. 440 Ma and shows an anticlockwise P–T path with continuous heating to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism (M3) at 890–980°C and 9–11 kbar, followed by decompressional cooling to 740–880°C and 7–9 kbar (M4) till 405 Ma. The HP metamorphism is synchronous with the ultrahigh-pressure eclogite facies metamorphism in the Qinling orogen, indicating its relevance to the continental collision in the Cambrian. The UHT metamorphism took place at reduced pressures, indicating thinning of the collision-thickened orogenic lithosphere. Therefore, the Tongbai orogen was initially thickened by the collisional orogeny and then thinned, possibly as a result of foundering of the orogenic root. Such tectonic evolution may be common in collisional orogens where compression during continental collision switched to extension during continental rifting.  相似文献   

元谋地区超基性岩浆型铂钯矿成矿作用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

姬琦  张世涛  邹国富  罗书斌 《地质找矿论丛》2011,26(4):393-398

川滇新裂谷作用伴有强烈的岩浆活动,除大量玄武质岩浆喷溢外,在元谋朱布、黑泥坡等地见超基性岩体侵入,赋存有铂钯矿床.文章通过分析黑泥坡、朱布超基性岩体的土壤地球化学特征和岩石地球化学特征,结合元谋地区地质特征,提出了元谋地区超基性岩体铂钯矿床的成矿模式.  相似文献   

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪多幕裂陷旋回的沉积物源响应          下载免费PDF全文

王维  叶加仁  杨香华  施和生  舒誉  吴静 《地球科学》2015,40(6):1061-1071

为阐明惠州凹陷古近纪构造活动对物源供给与沉积充填的控制作用,以LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年为主要技术手段,对惠州凹陷古近系不同层段的8件样品中的锆石形态及年代组成进行分析,定量研究其物源供给规律.南部物源,即盆内基岩凸起与东沙隆起,以中生代火成岩为主;北部物源,即盆外华南褶皱带,岩性及年代学复杂.结果显示从下文昌组-上文昌组-恩平组的砂岩样品中,中生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐降低,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐增加,表明惠州凹陷具有早期南部供源逐渐到晚期北部供源的转换规律.惠州凹陷构造演化分为3幕:裂陷Ⅰ_A、Ⅰ_B和Ⅱ幕.裂陷Ⅰ_A幕,下文昌组沉积时期,凹陷南部断层活动强烈,砂岩中锆石以中生代颗粒为主,沉积相类型以靠近南部断裂带发育的扇三角洲及中深湖相为主;裂陷Ⅰ_B幕,上文昌组沉积时期,北部边界断裂带活动强度增加,中生代锆石颗粒含量为68%,前寒武-古生代颗粒含量为32%,表明该时期南北同时供源,沉积体系以扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲及中深湖相为特色;裂陷Ⅱ幕,恩平组沉积时期,北部断层持续活动,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量为64%,中生代颗粒含量为36%,证实恩平组沉积时期以北部物源为主,发育了浅水辫状河三角洲、滩坝以及薄煤层.   相似文献   

渐进式扩张海盆亚丁湾与南海西南次海盆扩张演化特征的对比   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张洁  李家彪  李细兵  吴振利 《地球物理学报》2011,54(12):3079-3088

本文总结了渐进式扩张洋中脊和渐进式演化海盆的全球空间分布,并将西南次海盆与典型渐进式演化的亚丁湾加以比对,通过对海盆扩张中心的起源、扩张中心分段特征、火山活动、磁异常特征等的比较,为西南次海盆的演化提供新观点,为南海的演化观点寻找新证据.西南次海盆为渐进式扩张的海盆,与东部次海盆属于同一期扩张形成,海盆的渐进式扩张与渐进式扩张的方向很有可能受到地幔热柱(印支地幔柱、南海中部低速柱或海南地幔柱)的控制.南海的扩张演化模式并不是单一的,而是多种模式的综合,在考虑海底演化模式时应该同时考虑地幔柱的影响.  相似文献   

Instability structures, synsedimentary faults and turbidites, witnesses of a Liassic seismotectonic activity in the Dauphiné Zone (French Alps): A case example in the Lower Pliensbachian at Saint-Michel-en-Beaumont     

Franoise Bergerat  Pierre-Yves Collin  Anne-Cline Ganzhorn  Franois Baudin  Bruno Galbrun  Isabelle Rouget  Johann Schnyder 《Journal of Geodynamics》2011,51(5):344-357

Instability structures, synsedimentary faults and turbidites have been studied in the Lower Pliensbachian succession of Saint-Michel-en-Beaumont, belonging to the Taillefer block, an ancient half-graben emplaced during the Liassic Tethyan rifting. Geometrical and mechanical analyses demonstrate that the instability structures occurred thanks to movements along spineless synsedimentary normal faults, when the turbiditic and limestone layers were already case-hardened and partly fractured by tension gashes even when the mudstones were still unlithified. Both the tension gashes and the synsedimentary faults are homogeneous in strike with the major regional faults and are in good agreement with the regional direction of extension for this period. The characters of the turbiditic beds, with erosive base, graded bedding, and incomplete Bouma sequence, are in favour of a seismic origin. Instability structures, spineless synsedimentary faults and turbiditic inflows are thus considered as seismites and interpreted as the result of high seismicity periods including some events with M > 5 in the general extensive ambiance of the Liassic Tethyan rifting. The analysis of the geometrical relationships between all these sedimentary features allows to distinguish the successive stage of occurrence of an instability structure, from the sedimentation of alternating marls and limestones, and sudden turbiditic inflows, then early case-hardening of the turbidites, until the important seismotectonic event generating the spineless normal faults, themselves triggering the fall of indurated blocks and locally the forming of breccias. The Ornon Fault, which constitutes the border of the Taillefer block, 15 km eastward, played a major role during the Liassic sedimentation and may represent the major seismic fault related to the seismites occurrence in the Beaumont basin.  相似文献   

浙闽裂谷带的成矿意义     

王成良 《火山地质与矿产》2010,(1):25-30

浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。  相似文献